vitalism

In 19th century, people's sense of life moved from vitalism, which believed there's a mysterious substance that makes the cells living separated from the nonliving materials, to mechanism. Scientists were able to synthesize biological materials and replicates biological processes in the lab.

positive self image

To be more confident and succeed in life, build a positive self image. Imagine myself accomplishing things I want to do. Also cultivate it in children. Careful about the off-hand remarks. Those can make long lasting impacts.

strategic empathy

When we think about the risk in situation and how to deal with it, we need to think about how the other parties going to view that situation and how they might act. Otherwise, the risk assessment will be incomplete.